International Research and Academic scholar society

IRASS Journal of Economics and Business Management

Issue-9(September), Volume-2 2025

1. LIQUIDITY AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED QUOTED DEPOSIT MONEY BAN...
11

Success Blessing Ejura*, Succe...
Department of Finance, Veritas University Abuja, FCT
1-11
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17035886

This study investigates the impact of Liquidity Ratio (LR) and Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) on the Earnings Per Share (EPS) of quoted Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria from 2015 to 2024. Liquidity management plays a critical role in ensuring financial stability and profitability, especially in developing economies like Nigeria. The study employs a Panel EGLS (Cross-section weights) regression model to analyze the relationship between liquidity indicators and financial performance. The findings reveal a positive relationship between both liquidity ratios and EPS. Specifically, CRR demonstrates a stronger positive correlation with EPS, suggesting that higher reserve requirements contribute more directly to profitability than liquidity ratios alone. Although LR is positively associated with EPS, its effect is moderate, indicating that liquidity management plays a role in ensuring operational stability but may not significantly impact profitability in the same way as reserve management. This research highlights that while liquidity ratios and reserves are essential for financial performance, excessive liquidity or high reserves may limit banks' ability to generate income. The study recommends that policymakers introduce more flexible CRR policies and that banks optimize liquidity management to balance financial stability with profitable investments. The findings suggest that a balanced approach to liquidity and reserve management is necessary to ensure sustainable growth and improved financial performance in Nigerian DMBs. Further research is needed to examine the long-term effects of liquidity management under varying economic conditions.

2. FROM DIGITIZATION TO DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: THE INEVITABLE JOURNEY OF...
7

Nguyen Van Thay*, Duong Van Da...
Van Hien University
12-15
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17078841

In the context of the fourth globalization and industrial revolution, digital transformation in education has become an indispensable requirement for Vietnam. This is not only the process of digitizing documents, but also a comprehensive application of digital technology, large data, artificial intelligence, cloud computing and digital platforms to management, teaching, learning, testing and evaluation. Digital transformation contributes to building an open, flexible education, taking learners as a center, and meeting the requirements of developing high quality human resources and international integration. However, this process also faces many difficulties: regional differences, infrastructure limit, uneven number capacity of the teachers, the same requirements to ensure equity by education. Therefore, transforming numbers is both a strategic opportunity and a great challenge in the process of basic and comprehensive renovation of Vietnam today.

3. R&D, Innovation Policy, and Business Renewal in Finland: A Review
3

Faegheh Manafi Miraliloo*, Mir...
Seraj Institute of Higher Education, Iran
16-20
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17163646

Finland has historically been recognized as one of Europe’s most innovative economies, yet in recent years it has faced a dual challenge of stagnating productivity growth and the concentration of research and development (R&D) in a handful of large firms and sectors. In 2023, the Finnish Parliament adopted a new R&D Act that commits the government to steadily increase public R&D funding until 2030, ensuring that public expenditure reaches 1.33% of GDP and that total national R&D intensity approaches 4% of GDP. Complementing this law, a permanent R&D tax incentive regime was introduced in 2022–2023 to broaden participation across the private sector. This article reviews the Finnish R&D and innovation policy landscape with a focus on business renewal. Drawing on government reports, OECD surveys, Statistics Finland data, and recent academic research, we analyze (i) trends in R&D inputs and intensity, (ii) governance structures and the role of Business Finland, (iii) major thematic priorities such as the green transition, digital transformation, and health technology, (iv) the mix of policy instruments, including direct funding, mission-oriented programs, and commercialization initiatives, and (v) emergent enablers such as data infrastructure and standardization. In addition, we integrate recent scholarship highlighting the role of dynamic equity allocation models (Nassery, 2022; 2023), the potential of AI copilots in enhancing entrepreneurial productivity (Nassery, 2024a), and the contribution of women and minority entrepreneurs to inclusive innovation systems (Nassery, 2024b). These insights enrich the Finnish case by situating it within wider debates about entrepreneurial ecosystems and equity in innovation. The review identifies strengths in Finland’s policy coherence and legislative clarity, but also highlights gaps: weak diffusion of innovation to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), persistent regional disparities, difficulties in financing large-scale green investments, and bureaucratic frictions in secondary use of health and social data. The article concludes with implications for policy and practice and outlines a research agenda addressing additionality, productivity spillovers, mission governance, and data-driven innovation ecosystems.

4. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FIRM ATTRIBUTES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING REPO...
2

Dr. SHARIMAKIN Akinwumi, OBAMO...
PhD in Business Administration - Entrepreneurship and Human Resource Management, Statistics and Records, Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria
21-28
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17165855

The study investigates the relationship between firm attributes and environmental accounting reporting among listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Using secondary data extracted from annual reports of eleven firms between 2011 and 2020, environmental disclosure was measured through a 20-item Environmental Reporting Index (ERI). Firm size, leverage, profitability, and listing age were adopted as explanatory variables, while multiple regression analysis tested the hypotheses at a 5% significance level. The results show that the average ERI score of 12.7 out of 20 indicates a moderate but inconsistent level of disclosure among the firms studied. Empirical evidence revealed that firm size and leverage are significant positive predictors of environmental reporting, while profitability and listing age, though positive, are statistically insignificant. The model explains 62% of the variation in environmental disclosure, confirming the joint influence of firm attributes on reporting practices. The study concludes that larger and highly leveraged firms are more likely to disclose environmental information, supporting stakeholder and signaling theories, while profitability and firm maturity do not play decisive roles. It recommends strengthening regulatory frameworks, expanding disclosure requirements across industries, and promoting capacity building to enhance environmental accountability in Nigeria.

5. ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT IN DELTA STATE, NIGE...
2

TIMIYAN Bralade Golden*, AKPOY...
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka
29-35
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17199484

This empirical study examined the extents to which organizational leadership influence employee commitment in Nigeria. Survey design was used and questionnaire was the main data collection which was administered to one hundred and ten (110) academic and nonacademic staff in College of Education, Warri, Delta State. The study used two (2) leadership styles – transactional and autocratic leadership styles; data obtained were analyzed via descriptive, regression diagnostics and inferential statistical tools. The dependent variable is employee commitment while independent variables are leadership styles (transformational and autocratic leadership). Multiple regression results revealed that while transformational leadership style (t-value = 9.77; p-value. = 0.000) significantly positively influence employee commitment, autocratic style of leadership(t-value= -6.04; p-value.=0.000) significantly negatively affect commitments of academic and non-academic staffs. The study recommends among others that management of monotechnics should possess transformational leadership style that can encourage academic and non-academic staff in realizing significant outcomes on the job and leader-employee exchange benefits, which would in turn result to increased employee commitment. On the other hand, management of monotechnics should further discourage the use of autocratic leadership style as it would decrease staff self-confidence on the job as well as decreasing efficiency in decision-making.





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